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Microscopic analysis uses optical microscopes, electron microscopes and other advanced analytical instruments to observe the types, relative amounts, size, morphology and distribution of constituent phases and structural components inside metals. Material performance depends on the internal structural state, which in turn depends on chemical composition and processing technology. Heat treatment is an important means of changing the structure, so microscopic analysis is an essential means of material and heat-treatment quality inspection and control. Microscopic analysis covers many sample types, including metallurgical and geological specimens, electronic materials, ceramics and various surface contaminants.