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Puncture testing determines the voltage at which a dielectric breaks down when the stress is concentrated through a small electrode. It is used where the insulation is thin and where a surface test would not represent the real stress, most often for enamelled winding wire, lacquer films and thin solid insulation.
For enamelled round copper wire, IEC 60851-5 defines the puncture voltage test: a specimen is twisted into a standard loop, a rising AC voltage is applied between the conductor and a metal electrode in contact with the enamel, and the voltage at breakdown is recorded. The result depends on the enamel grade, the wire diameter and the number of twists, so the standard fixes each of these. For appliance insulation, IEC 60335-1 requires that solid insulation withstand the electric strength test at the appropriate voltage.
NTEK tests enamelled wire, insulation films, tapes and moulded insulation, and reports the breakdown voltage together with the statistical distribution across the sample set.
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