Water ingress testing applies to electrical and electronic products that may be exposed to water jets during transportation, storage or use. The water may come from heavy rain, wind-driven rain, sprinkler systems, wheel splash, hosing or heavy seas. The relevant specification should state whether the electrical and electronic product must operate normally during the test, or whether it only needs to withstand the water ingress conditions and remain intact.
Portable, outdoor-use and automotive electronic products all have waterproof testing requirements. Internationally, IEC, MIL, ETSI and SAE have all established corresponding test requirements.
IEC/EN60529 defines 9 waterproof levels (Level 0 to Level 8), waterproof level (e.g. IPX4 - waterproof level 4):
Level 0: No protection against water
Level 1: Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effects
Level 2: Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effects when the enclosure is tilted within 15° from its normal position
Level 3: Water spraying at any vertical surface within 60° of the vertical shall have no harmful effects
Level 4: Water splashed against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects
Level 5: Water projected in jets against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects
Level 6: Water projected in powerful jets against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects
Level 7: Ingress of water in a harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is immersed in water under defined pressure for a defined time
Level 8: Ingress of water in a harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is continuously immersed in water under conditions agreed between the manufacturer and the user (more severe than Level 7)
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