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The acid immersion test makes use of the different degrees of etching of various parts of steel by acid to clearly reveal the macrostructure of the steel and its defects. Based on the distribution of the macrostructure and the presence of defects, the metallurgical quality of the steel can be assessed. By further inferring the causes of the defects, practical and feasible improvement measures can be taken in the process to improve product quality.
The requirements for products in the acid immersion test are specified in the relevant standards, technical specifications and agreements between the two parties.
The acid immersion test includes the hot acid immersion method, the cold acid immersion method and electrolytic etching, among others. These methods can all be used in the macroscopic inspection of forgings according to different requirements, and evaluation is carried out in accordance with the corresponding technical standards and rating standards.
(1) Hot acid immersion method. The hot acid immersion method is an inspection method in which a macro specimen of a steel product is etched with hot acid to reveal the macrostructure and defects of the steel.
(2) Cold acid immersion method. The cold acid immersion method is an inspection method in which a macro specimen or forging is etched at room temperature with an acid solution of a specified formulation to reveal the macrostructure and defects of the steel. It is applicable to forgings from which macro specimens are difficult to cut, and to steels such as corrosion-resistant high-alloy steels and stainless steels.
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